"Experimental work on the mass culture of invertebrates for production purposes began in Russia at the end of the nineteenth century (Ivleva 1973). White or pot worm cultivation was developed in the 1940s as a result of expanding fish culture programs in the former USSR. Studies on the biology, nutrition and cultivation of white worms are reported in Russian-language publications but few have been translated into English (Vedrasco et al. 2002). Published reviews describe rooms of wall-to-wall racks stacked with wooden boxes (50 x 40 x 12 cm) of worms (100 - 300 g/box). Many fish breeding facilities maintained over 1,000 of these boxes and produced 500 kg to several tons of white worms per season to feed 2.5 to 3 million juvenile sturgeon (Ivelva 1973 et al. 2004)." (Marsh 2014)